標準號：ISO/IEC GUIDE 98-3-2008
中文標準名稱：測量的不確定性.第3部分:測量不確定性的表達指南(GUM-1995)
英文標準名稱：Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)
標準類型：A50
發布日期：1999/12/31 12:00:00
實施日期：1999/12/31 12:00:00
中國標準分類號：A50
國際標準分類號：17.020
適用范圍：1.1 This Guide establishes general rules for evaluating and expressing uncertainty in measurement thatcan be followed at various levels of accuracy and in many fields — from the shop floor to fundamentalresearch. Therefore, the principles of this Guide are intended to be applicable to a broad spectrum ofmeasurements, including those required for:-maintaining quality control and quality assurance in production;-complying with and enforcing laws and regulations;-conducting basic research, and applied research and development, in science and engineering;-calibrating standards and instruments and performing tests throughout a national measurement system inorder to achieve traceability to national standards;-developing, maintaining, and comparing international and national physical reference standards, includingreference materials.1.2 This Guide is primarily concerned with the expression of uncertainty in the measurement of awell-defined physical quantity — the measurand — that can be characterized by an essentially unique value. Ifthe phenomenon of interest can be represented only as a distribution of values or is dependent on one ormore parameters, such as time, then the measurands required for its description are the set of quantitiesdescribing that distribution or that dependence.1.3 This Guide is also applicable to evaluating and expressing the uncertainty associated with theconceptual design and theoretical analysis of experiments, methods of measurement, and complexcomponents and systems. Because a measurement result and its uncertainty may be conceptual and basedentirely on hypothetical data, the term “result of a measurement” as used in this Guide should be interpreted inthis broader context.1.4 This Guide provides general rules for evaluating and expressing uncertainty in measurement ratherthan detailed, technology-specific instructions. Further, it does not discuss how the uncertainty of a particularmeasurement result, once evaluated, may be used for different purposes, for example, to draw conclusionsabout the compatibility of that result with other similar results, to establish tolerance limits in a manufacturingprocess, or to decide if a certain course of action may be safely undertaken. It may therefore be necessary todevelop particular standards based on this Guide that deal with the problems peculiar to specific fields ofmeasurement or with the various uses of quantitative expressions of uncertainty.* These standards may besimplified versions of this Guide but should include the detail that is appropriate to the level of accuracy andcomplexity of the measurements and uses addressed.